Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Capital punishment - Essay Example Furthermore, on the off chance that it can, under what conditions would it be advisable for it to be utilized? Does the discipline goes about as an obstacle? What are the other options? Does it add to a protected and secure condition? This discussion is probably not going to end soon (Stearman, 2007). This discussion is plainly one that will undoubtedly continue for quite a while with enthusiastic debaters and protectors of stands on the two sides of the contention. In this article I stand firm on this discussion by supporting capital punishment. I offer a few purposes behind this stand and give references on the equivalent. A few promoters of capital punishment offer help to the work on contending that capital punishment legitimizes itself since it spares citizens the more noteworthy expenses of supporting a detainee for a lifetime, or numerous decades, in jail. This financial supposition lays to some degree on the conviction that executions happen more rapidly and effectively than carrying out a real existence punishment (Gerber and Johnson, 2007). Another related conviction among supporters of the death penalty lies in the thought that the arrangement of equity, similar to the legitimate framework for the most part, is about faultless. While the framework may submit an incidental slip-up, such errors promptly show up and can be made to vanish in the enchantment of the redrafting procedure. This view typically additionally keeps up that our capital hardware precisely isolates the blameworthy from the honest and rebuffs in like manner, regardless of race or societal position or funds. A few people nursing this group of convictions like to state that the wheels of equity move gradually however â€Å"exceedingly fine.† The legitimate procedure consistently succeeds, in the end, in isolating the goods worth keeping from the waste and does so fair-mindedly. Given their vocation interest in this framework, judges have been known to engage this conviction (Ge rber and Johnson, 2007). A few supporters of capital punishment additionally adopt a moralistic strategy. To these sorts of individuals the fundamental defense for capital punishment lies in giving each wrongdoer his â€Å"due.† In this philosophical position the death penalty discovers its help in the idea of good â€Å"desert†, where desert suggests a discipline required to be proportionate in kind, seriousness, or measure of agony coordinating the first wrongdoing. Promoters of this view keep up that the most persuading defense for capital punishment lies in the attestation that discipline should reflect the gravity of the underlying wrongdoing, as in the expression, â€Å"an tit for tat, and a life for a life† (Gerber and Johnson, 2007). An especially ongoing legitimization for capital punishment thinks about the predicament of enduring casualties. Some casualty advocates keep up that capital punishment discovers its essential avocation in its capacity to su stain casualties in either or both of two different ways †by giving a sort of â€Å"closure† to their agonizing exploitation and additionally by giving an outlet to their passionate requirement for retribution. The command of these casualty justifications for discipline assumes a significant job today in help for the death penalty. A few sections of the casualty rights development declare that the desires of harming casualties alone require the death penalty of the individuals who had caused their deplorable predicament (Gerber and Johnson, 2007). Another more legalistic conviction, embraced by some protected researchers, including some Supreme Court judges, affirms that devotion to the constitution expects adherence to the convictions and practices of our Founders. At the point when a sacred book about capital

Buddhism Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Buddhism Reflection - Essay Example It is a result of this development and differing ways of thinking that creates turmoil with regards to better understanding the basic variables associated with the mission of man to accomplish self-salvation. In the first place, the vast majority of the ways of thinking are joined in the possibility that there are 4 Noble Truths that can manage the lifestyle of an individual who is wanting to accomplish Nirvana or a Buddha like status of self-salvation. These four facts incorporate (â€Å"Buddhas Four Noble Truths†) : Recognizing the previously mentioned facts of Buddha is the start of edification of an individual. Through contemplation, self-assessment, and self-reflection, one can find when of life he is at corresponding to the four realities and simultaneously, assist him with breaking down how he may push ahead from his present purpose of being. Just by developing as an individual, through the accomplishment of the four facts can an individual case to have accomplished self-salvation. Notwithstanding which way of thinking you buy in to in Buddhism, be it the India or Chinese based school of proselytyzing, the objective of each school is the equivalent, individual salvation. A feeling of salvation that originates from inside an individual who, through the modifying of his lifestyle, has at last figured out how to liberate himself from the imperatives of the material world so as to accomplish a higher feeling of scholarly and profound accomplishment. This specific feeling of salvation must be reached by the individual once he acknowledges that our reality isn't lasting and henceforth, ought not be clung to. This will at that point permit an individual to clean his musings and activities with an end goal to accomplish a Zen like status throughout everyday life. The Four Noble Truths that control the way of a Buddhist is the thing that additionally encourages him unravel how he can develop himself so as to profit others. Buddhism, as I would see it, once saw from the perspective of a cooperative, conscious connection between individuals, drives us to

In-depth Guide on How to Write an Annotated Bibliography

In-depth Guide on How to Write an Annotated Bibliography Students face lots of struggle while writing the annotated bibliography. In this blog, we are going to share with you the best ever tips on how to write the annotated bibliography. Lets start:- What is an Annotated Bibliography Assignment? Summary What is an Annotated Bibliography Assignment?How to write an Annotated Bibliography?Types of AnnotationsHow to write an Evaluative Annotation?Analyzing your resources for writing an Annotated BibliographyProblems faced by studentsThe Closure of writing an Annotated BibliographySome Specialized Areas in writing an Annotated BibliographyWell researched solution for MLA Annotated BibliographyCompletely referenced solutions to APA Annotated BibliographyReasonable solutions to Chicago Annotated BibliographyThe well-cited solution to Harvard Annotated Bibliography Annotated bibliography assignments are a significant application for the students and for the individuals who are using it. It is very helpful in finding the effective information and choosing an appropriate source for their research as well as for writing an annotated bibliography. Besides, it is a part of the large study based project which provides a research study on a particular topic. It helps the students to find out whether their data is appropriate or not, and the quality of the work should be high and effective according to their research study. How to write an Annotated Bibliography? An annotated bibliography is a list of various articles, documents, books based on several academic works. It can be said a brief view of the overall study and an overview of the related research. The main objective of it is to notify the reader about the relevancy, quality as well as the effectiveness of the work cited. We use various sources in starting the structure “how to write an annotated bibliography.” Select your sourcesReview the itemsWrite the citation as well as annotationEvery citation is followed by a descriptive paragraph (generally around 150 words or 4 to 6 sentences) Types of Annotations A Summary Annotation provides the main points as well as focus on them. It explains the source by relating the above questions: Who has written the documentFrom where the data has been collectedWhere the document has been writtenWhy was the document writtenHow it is provided to the public An Evaluative Annotation explains the summary and also analytically assess the relevance, accuracy, and the quality of the work. It should be decided whether there is enough valid information or not. How to write an Evaluative Annotation? Well, we all face some critical situations while evaluating annotations. Still, many of us do not choose the right way to learn “how to write an Annotated Bibliography” or any other topic. But here we are providing you the correct manner of evaluating annotation suggested by our experts. Hope you’ll understand this and use it in a proper way which can be relevant to you: Cite the source using MLA styleDescribe the important ideas, facts, methods as well as themesDescribe the authors point of view and their aspectsEvaluate the strengths or weaknessesExplain the conclusion or observations Analyzing your resources for writing an Annotated Bibliography While learning about writing an annotated bibliography, the students must be aware of choosing the right source of information about their study. Choosing an appropriate source can make your paper more accurate. The specialization you have made above should be enough to make your work complete. Problems faced by students The Annotated Bibliography is not easy work to complete. It requires a deep understanding and learning in this field. Regular practice and hard work help the master of how to write an Annotated Bibliography. But still, some students face the following problems in writing an annotated bibliography: You cant write it without reading comprehensively.One time reading is not enough, and sometimes you have to study many times.Annotated Bibliography requires the skills of understanding and learning.Identify some points from a long article and summarize it in 150-200 words. The Closure of writing an Annotated Bibliography The whole paper is explaining the facts, ideas, and methods to write an annotated bibliography. It brings an accurate study of writing an annotated bibliography. The study mentions the skills and style for writing an annotated bibliography. You should cite all the references commendably. And also you should do the research effectively. Some Specialized Areas in writing an Annotated Bibliography Are you confused about the formatting and learning of an Annotated Bibliography? It can be a major problem for many of us. Still, you don’t need to worry anymore because we are providing you the relevant and effective methods of formatting the Annotated Bibliography. Well researched solution for MLA Annotated Bibliography It contains evaluative or descriptive conclusions about your sources. And MLA guidelines should follow each citation. Completely referenced solutions to APA Annotated Bibliography Are you guys struggling to learn a perfect APA formatting bibliography? From having a start related to the APA formatting, we are providing the whole study related to it. Reasonable solutions to Chicago Annotated Bibliography Are you looking forward to learning some new formatting styles, then we can provide you various technicalities related to the Chicago Bibliography. The well-cited solution to Harvard Annotated Bibliography We are here to teach you the well-maintained study related to Harvard Annotated Bibliography. We are providing you an expert service in this area which can help you to learn Annotated Bibliography effectively. Besides, our specialist is starting a course that can make you learn about writing an annotated bibliography. Now, as you all know, our specialized areas, as well as our expertise, do not hesitate to give us a call for any of your problems. Feel free to get in touch with us and we will provide you the best we can provide. We will also try our best to improve your skills as well as your grades. Submit your requirements now!

Analysis Of The Act II The Crucible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 669 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor. God, deemed to be the author of all truth, has several acolytes who are obligated to honor that truth. To fulfill this commandment is not to lie † intentionally deceive another by speaking a falsehood. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of The Act II The Crucible" essay for you Create order However, though under a rigid theocracy, the people of Salem lie in order to save themselves from death by a noose. Evident throughout both Act 1 as well as Act 11, each character portrays a false persona as they interact with one another. With secrets and greed hidden within the hearts of Salem, only the people who are truly Christian do not have to assume any sort of pretense. Of these people, John Proctor resides. As the events tear through Salem and his wife is soon suspected to have practiced witchcraft, John decides he must forsake his as well as any one elsers reputation to save her life. Portrayed to be an even-tempered and respected yet feared man, Proctor upholds a very high reputation amongst the people. Nonetheless, He is a sinner, a sinner not only against the moral fashion of the time, but against his own vision of decent conduct. (Act 1, page 19) Previously involved with Abigail whilst a married man, John Proctor committed adultery. Elizabeth Proctor, his wife, has knowledge of the incident(s) consequently firing Abigail from being their servant. She wants me dead, John, you know it! (Elizabeth, page 57) Though a strong accusation, Elizabeth is correct due to the fact that Abigail claimed Goody Proctor stabbed her with a needle in the stomach through a mere poppet that Mary Warren made. When asked about how the needle got into the poppet, Mary confesses that Abigail saw her place the needle there while they were in court. You`re coming to the court with me, Mary. You will tell it in the court.(John, page 75) Fearing Abigail`s wrath, Mary Warren claims she cannot charge murder on Abigail because she will kill her and charge him with lechery. Ultimately, Proctor disregards his own reputation and instructs Mary to do the same. Make your peace with it!(John, page 76)John Proctor`s words at the end of Act ll blatantly exhibit his vulnerability as he is willing to go through any lengths to save Elizabeth. Speaking to Mary Warren, John proclaims that, Now Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away†make your peace! Peace. It is a providence, and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now. Aye, naked! And the wind, Godrs icy wind, will blow!(John, page 76) Anticipating the diminution of his good reputation, he knows that once his affair with Abigail becomes evident to the public all regarding his good name amongst the town will disappear. When he states that Hell and Heaven grapple on their backs, he is alluding to the fact that either their silence or their voice being heard will determine their fate in one of the two places. By staying silent, death will continue to be brought among innocent people whereas if they break their silence it may allow them to atone for their sins. we are only what we always were, but naked now.(John, page 76) Separated from their distorted persona`s, John exclaims that they are who they are and nothing can or will change that. No longer hidden by lies and falsifications, they are exposed and God himself will judge them. To be blunt, their sins are out in the open for everyone to see. Adversely, when Proctor says that God`s icy wind, will blow! he is alluding to the fact that pain is and should be expected. What results from their confessions will be pain and discomfort because God`s icy wind resembles a form of judgement being brought down upon them for their actions. Furthermore, icy can also portray how the people of the town who were once close, now have broken acquaintanceships, connections, and were rigid with silence and indifference.

How The Increase Of R Certified Movies Is Impacting...

How the Increase of R Certified Movies is Impacting American Society Imagine a family walks into a movie theater and is trying to figure out what movie they want to see; the mother wants to see the hot new chick flick movie that is rated PG-13, the daughter wants to see the cute new children’s movie that is rated G, but the father has absolutely no interest in either and wants to go see the exciting new R rated action movie. The family debates the issue at hand and analyzes whether the R rated movie is appropriate for their daughter to watch. The first thing that must be understood is what qualifies a movie for an R certification. This R certification can be issued because of many different reasons for example; clear and convincing actively flowing blood (not a puddle or a bit of red makeup on an actor), frequent use of vulgar language, nudity, and clear and convincing drug use (Rebecca, 2010). To fully understand where the Motion Picture Association of America comes from with their certifications, there must be some background knowledge of the former certification system called the Hays Code. The Hays Code was implemented in 1930 and, while it may not be used anymore, inspired the Motion Picture Association of America’s certification system; the Hays Code is religion-based, several of the ideas have been reformed today, and moralistic in fact, one of the general principals is â€Å"No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence theShow MoreRelatedAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagesspecific focus on the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)- based initiative. 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Managing Diversity Free Essays

â€Å"Consultant R. Roosevelt Thomas argues that it is time to â€Å"move beyond affirmative action† and learn how to â€Å"manage diversity. † There are a lot of issues that may be raised in this context†¦ Discuss. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compare â€Å"best and worst† organizations managing diversity. (Give examples)† Introduction Diversity is a subject that can be very powerful and emotional for everyone who deals with it, either directly or indirectly. Diversity topics deal with issues of being different and alike, inspiration and perspiration, sadness and gladness, privilege and lack thereof, culture and religion, tolerance and justice, and hatred and animosity. Diversity challenges and opportunities impact all nations around the world to one extent or another (Bahaudin and Jatuporn 2009). Human beings differ in age, social and national background, gender, sexual orientation, physical and mental ability, as well as religious belief and worldview. Diversity is a tough issue to tackle because it includes more than just race, gender, religion, ethnic origin or age. Every employee has a diverse background and a diverse set of beliefs. There is no â€Å"quick-fix† when dealing with an issue as complex as diversity. Valuing, managing, and supporting a diverse workforce can be done successfully only as a longer-term change process and one that must become the way we do business. Diversity People are not alike. Everyone is different. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work-style, in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, disability, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age. Research on organizational work groups, however, has focused on other forms of diversity including differences in age, education, firm tenure, and functional or technical background (Jackson et al. , 1995). Diversity in groups and teams is often portrayed as a positive force leading to effective functioning of the team. It is a source of creativity and innovation that can provide the potential for future development and competitive advantage. Diversity supposedly leads to greater variance in ideas, creativity, and innovation, thus generating better group performance (Cox, 1993; Jackson, May and Whitney, 1995). Diversity Management The term diversity management originated in North America, but has slowly taken hold in other regions and countries of the world (e. g. , Hays-Thomas, 2004; Kaiser Prange, 2004; Nyambegera, 2002; Ozbilgin Tatli, 2008; Palmer, 2003; Palmi, 2001). The following is a brief definition of the term: â€Å"Diversity management refers to the voluntary organizational actions that are designed to create greater inclusion of employees from various backgrounds into the formal and informal organizational structures through deliberate policies and programs. Diversity Management is a strategy to promote the perception, acknowledgement and implementation of diversity in organizations and institutions. Managing diversity is based on the idea that diversity opens up alternative ways of perceiving, thinking and acting and thus enriches the organizations. The globalization of business is a trend that makes diversity competency crucial for many organizations. Cox (2001) notes, â€Å"The challenge of diversity is not simply to have it but to create conditions in which its potential to be a performance barrier is minimized and its potential to enhance performance is maximized† (p. 6). Diversity management refers not only to those groups that have been discriminated against or that are different from the dominant or privileged groups, but to â€Å"the mixture of differences, similarities and tensions that can exist among the elements of a pluralistic mixture† (Thomas, 2005, p. 93). The concept of â€Å"valuing differences† is the cornerstone of the managing diversity movement. It translates questions of competence into questions of culture. Proponents argue that †Å"non-traditional† workers who fail to advance are not under qualified, just â€Å"differently† qualified. Ethnic, racial and sexual groups, the reasoning goes, each possess a unique management style that will enable businesses to succeed in the global marketplace. Diversity management is also crucial for sustainable business growth because the increasingly diverse public evaluates organizations on their diversity management. Diversity should be a priority in any organization, because people are and will be the major source of competitive advantage. Diverse workforce at all levels should be created and sustained, and the full talent, energy, and ommitment of all employees in meeting business objectives should be engaged. This will help in enabling employees to give their maximum contribution in meeting the company goals. Advantages of Diversity Management There are some advantages of diversity management, among which are the following: 1-It can create a competitive advantage in areas such as marketing, problem solving, and resource acquisition. 2-It shows how the organizations are cultura lly aware. 3-It helps to use the full potential of all employees. Disadvantages of Diversity Management. Despite the grand rhetoric of its advocates, there is little evidence that diversity management can solve the problems it purports to address. In fact, it may make them worse. As diversity programs proliferate across corporate America, group infighting has become a problem second only to â€Å"backlash† by white men. â€Å"More and more groups are going at each other,† says Morrison. â€Å"The women’s group vies with the black group for promotions. † Best Examples of Diversity Management 1. Xerox pioneered the most powerful accountability tool in 1984, when it linked managers’ compensation to their achievement of the firm’s highly detailed â€Å"diversity goals. Since then, many companies have followed suit, including Palmolive, Mead and Prudential Life Insurance. 2. Two major departments at Hughes Aircraft lost 10 percent of their bonus pay as a penalty for receiving bad â€Å"diversity report cards† after they failed to hire and promote the requisite number of minorities. The next year they headed the list for â€Å"behavior modification,† having found people to hire whom they previously â€Å"had said didn’t exist,† according to Dave Barclay, vice president of work force diversity at Hughes. 3. GE Electrical and Distribution Control are other examples for ‘diversity management. ’ The number of entry-level African Americans recruited and hired has increased by over 10 percent since 1982, and an increasing number have moved into positions of significant responsibility. GE has defined diversity as a twofold concept. First, diversity concerns understanding that the workforce will increasingly include people who are different. Consistent with this change is the recognition that a mix of people who are div erse can result in value added and increased productivity. Secondly, GE defines diversity as a comprehension process for developing and maintaining a workplace environment that results in the full utilization of all employees. 4. According to DiversityInc,—the leading publication on diversity and business, annually recognizes companies that exemplify meaningful diversity management through their corporate practice—Accenture has been named to the 2012 DiversityInc Top 50 Companies for Diversity list, rising to number 12, up from number 23 last year. This marks Accenture’s sixth consecutive year on the DiversityInc Top 50 list and its fourth consecutive year in the Top 25. DiversityInc also named Accenture as a 2012 Top 10 Company for both Global Diversity and Supplier Diversity. Accenture has demonstrated strength in the four areas measured: CEO Commitment, Human Capital, Corporate and Organizational Communications, and Supplier Diversity. 5. One of the most signification examples of ‘diversity management’ in Egypt, particularly in Alexandria is the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. The BA strongly believes in the importance of diversity, and it is becoming one of the concepts in recruiting new employees. The BA includes, among its 2500 employees, a variety of employees with different ages, gender, religious and ethnic backgrounds. There is a large number of women working at the BA, among which is a big number in managerial positions. It also includes foreigner employees and internships from all over the world. One of the main objectives of the BA is to serve the whole community, including the disabled people (children, young, and adults), who enjoy a variety of services and activities, and there is a large number of tailored activities for them. In this regard, the BA also opens its door and gives fair recruitment opportunities for the disabled. There is a number of employees with different disabilities (blind, on wheelchairs, hands congenital defects) who are working very efficiently to an extent that they compete with the other employees in a remarkable way, and sometimes they perform even better. The BA also provides equal opportunities to all employees on attending conferences and obtaining trainings and scholarships abroad. The BA, among other organizations in Egypt and internationally, is still working on including ‘diversity’ into its organizations; thus, it is working on increasing the number of the disabled personnel to reach the standard international percentage. Worst Examples of Diversity Management †¢Phillip Morris (PM) is one of the largest tobacco companies in the world and has nearly 75,000 employees. Women are often assigned to run human resources and corporate communications departments at companies where men dominate the management. Phillip Morris claims that the company is â€Å"always striving to broaden the diversity of our workforce and are continuously working to identify, hire and retain the best qualified individuals, wherever they are located or whatever their background. † No wonder they call him the Marlboro Man; nine board members, zero women. †¢Cameron International (CAM) provides equipment for the national gas oil industries. The company has 17,000 employees, eight board members, no women in positions of major responsibility. Seven senior executives are listed in the proxy – all male. Also, all board members but one is over 60 – a sort of reverse age discrimination. Conclusion The globalizing economy and the increase in the number of multinational corporations make diversity management a necessity for companies that want not only to survive but thrive during this time of economic, social, and cultural changes. Diversity management refers to the voluntary organizational actions that are designed to create through deliberate policies and programs greater inclusion of employees from various backgrounds into the formal and informal organizational structures. Diversity management, compared with its predecessors (equal opportunity legislation and affirmative action programs), is proactive and aimed at creating an organization in which all members can contribute and achieve to their full potential. The reasons for implementing diversity management include having to adapt to the new reality of a workforce that is increasingly diverse, doing the right and moral thing, and gaining a competitive advantage. The challenge of diversity management is to break the harmful cycle that equates cultural difference with social/economic disadvantages. Therefore, although the emphasis on the business advantage of diversity management is probably a good motivator for companies to enact diversity programs, it does not mean that moral and ethical missions should be neglected or overlooked. To overcome these potential limitations, diversity management has to focus on both enhancing profitability and fostering social justice. How to cite Managing Diversity, Papers

Tobacco In Malaysia Essay Example For Students

Tobacco In Malaysia Essay Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of death in Malaysia. Under the current law, smoking is banned in all public places. These include amusement centres, theatres, hospitals, clinics, public vehicles and air-conditioned restaurants. Likewise, anyone under age of eighteen is not allowed to buy cigarettes or any tobacco products. If the seller is not sure of the buyers age, then it is advisable to check his identity card. Free cigarette samples are not allowed to be distributed at the public events or places as this carries a maximum fine of RM 5000 or not more than two years jail. Cigarette advertisements in all locally published materials are also banned with the maximum fine. The purpose of our government set our all these rules is to control the use of tobacco in our country; however, smoking should be banned in a country because it is bad for health, environment and the economy. We will write a custom essay on Tobacco In Malaysia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nicotine, which is an alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant, is a chemical that has powerful effects on the human body. It not only has direct effects to smokers health but also to the non-smokers health. When a smoker takes a long drag on his cigarette, he inhales deeply, forcing smoke into the remotest parts of his lungs. The smoke contains tar and nicotine, which attack thousands of air sacs in the lung; as he continues to smoke, his air passages become increasing coated with tar, which includes several cancers causing agents. As the tar residue continues to build up in the air passages over several years, they begin to change the surface cells of the passages cancer cells begin to increase in number within a few years, lung cancer often appears. By the time a diagnosis finally confirming the presence of lung cancer, the disease has usually spread beyond control. Furthermore, the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke pass through the placenta to the fetus. It can result low birth w eight babies who are more likely to have health and behavioral problems in children such as attention disorder during preschool or school age and they often need medical attention. In fact, maternal smoking is not the only problem; non-smoking mothers living in a house where someone smokes are also at increased risk for having low birth weight babies. Moreover, the most dramatic effect of maternal smoking is on the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS or crib death). SIDS is the most common cause of death in babies between the second week and first year of life. When a women smokes during pregnancy, the risk of SIDS is at least doubled, and possibly tripled. It is estimated that more than 1/3 of all SIDS deaths is due to maternal tobacco use. Smoking is not simply a matter of personal choice when affects nonsmokers. Non-smokers health is threatened because they force to inhale the secondhand tobacco smoke (also called Environmental Tobacco Smoke, ETS). Environment tobacco smoke is made up of smoke that comes from the end of cigarettes (known as sidestream smoke) and the smoke that is exhaled from the smoker (known as mainstream smoke). Scientists have determined that sidestream has more carcinogenscancer causing agents than mainstream smoke. In short, nonsmokers or secondhand smokers health is even worst than smokers although they did not touch the cigarettes for the reason that the chemicals that are inhaled from environment tobacco smoke are not safe for human and can cause serious health problem or make existing health problem even worse. Environment tobacco smoke is a health hazard not only for people who live it day to day, but also for people who are exposed to it occasionally such as in restaurants of bars and for short period. Furthermore, environment tobacco smoke affects the respiratory of nonsmokers and can reduce lung function increasing coughing and chest discomfort. It can also cause eye irritation, sore throat in nonsmokers. Children are particularly vulnerable to environment tobacco smoke because their lung are still growing and developing. For instance, environment tobacco smoke makes existing asthma worse. It is a harmful indoor air pollutant and has serious health problems not only for children but for adults as well. Since even short exposure negatively affects the human body, reducing indoor environment tobacco smoke is essential to public health. .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d , .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .postImageUrl , .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d , .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:hover , .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:visited , .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:active { border:0!important; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:active , .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue7676f59feaa068d56af6d7de53d4e6d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Misrepresentation of Mental Illnesses EssayBesides humans heath, tobacco production has dangerous consequences for health of our planet as well. Global impact of tobacco production is on forest reduces; deforestation is reaching crisis proportions in some developing countries. The tobacco industrys biggest use of forest resources comes from curing tobacco. Tobacco is picked of a green leaf and must be cured to get the right taste and color and to preserve it. There are several different ways of curing tobacco, but the one that causes the most environmental damages is flue curing. Special stocks are built to flue cure tobacco. They heat and keep the tobacco leaf at high tem peratures. This process takes about a week. Various fuels can be used, but in developing countries (where deforestation has become a major problems) wood is the main fuel used. For example, tobacco related deforestation is probably most serious in Malawi where tobacco makes up 50% 70% of all export earning. Almost all of the woodlands in the South have disappeared because wood is a major source of household fuel in Malawi, the scarcity of this resource become a serious problem. The area of all types of forest in most Asian and African countries are now below the level at which it is capable to meet current and future demand on a sustainable basis. Then, accelerating deforestation can be expected with potentially serious ecological consequences. Most of people are aware of the health consequences of smoking, but are they aware of the damage that tobacco inflicts the health of economy! Tobacco has a huge negative impact on the world economy, resulting in the loss of billions dollars each years. Weighing the economic benefits of tobacco against costs of premature death, medical care and sick leave worldwide. It is estimated the net loss to be $200 billion per year. In many developing countries, a worker who becomes ill or dies from tobacco use leaves his or her family without an income, and the government rarely offers social assistance to ease their financial burden. As for Malaysia government, it implements high taxes in tobacco products in order to pay for health care, also help to lower smoking rates. Moreover, the individual cost to a smokers health and well being is enormous, but financial costs are high as well. Smokers pay higher life insurance premium and contribute billion of dollars in taxes nonsmokers never have to pay. Smoking is also associated with the costs of physical damage such as burn holes in furniture, clothes, car interior and fires. And then, there is the cost of cigarettes themselves. Nonsmokers have a higher risk of their health problem s then smokers because they inhaled the environment tobacco smoke; babies who need more medical care and face some behavioral problems during preschool and some of them only have short life; this is unfair to thempassive smokers. They are victims in the use of tobacco smoking and killed by the tobacco smoke. Yet, our planet, which has potential serious ecological consequences because tobacco related deforestation. Tobacco use has negative economic consequences on every level global, domestic and individuals. The tobacco has claimed that a major decrease in tobacco consumption would seriously damage the economy because the government revenues will be decreased. In fact, it will NOT in a long term. Overall speaking, tobacco smoking should be banned in a country in order to protect our planet, economy and individuals health.

The Beatles1 essays

The Beatles1 essays Music is an entertainment. yet, sometimes it can make history. A song is simply just words with sound. Yet, sometimes it can be passionate. A band is simply just people who transport music. Yet, sometimes they can be a big influence to others. They are the most popular musical artists in Rock and Roll through out the century. They are the one who most likely captures the media's attention. They are the most famous band in the World during the 60s and the 70s. They are the Beatles. The foursome guys who have talent with style, and together they create art in the musical World. Talking about the Beatles, nobody can refuse to mention the origin of the band, as well as their influences in the music, and their lives during the glorious times. The band was the combination of the four young talented musicians and singers, John Lennon, Paul Mccartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. All four Beatles were born and grown up in working class families in the same city of Liverpool. Yet, they never knew each other. John Lennon, a trouble maker and intelligent young student at the time, and a few friends formed the band. Since John later met Paul and Goerg, the history began. Ringo didnot join the band until their career made a turn to victory. The band first was named "The Quarry Men". However, going through many changes, eventually, they played under various names, icluding the Moondogs, the Werbles, Johnny, and finally the Beatles. ...

Pioneer Tree Species and Biological Forest Succession

Pioneer Tree Species and Biological Forest Succession Pioneer plant species are the first predictable seeders, adaptable to many conditions and the most vigorous flora to colonize disturbed or damaged ecosystems. These plants readily acclimate to bare soil, have the ability to grow and regenerate and respond vigorously on even the poorest soil sites and environmental conditions. Pioneer tree species are also known for their ability to readily seed or root sprout on bare soil and withstand the rigors of low moisture availability, full sunlight and high temperatures along with poorly available site nutrients. These are the plants, including trees, that you first see after a disturbance or fire in newly forming ecotones during field succession. These first tree colonizers become the initial forest tree component of a new forest. North American Pioneers Common pioneer tree species in North America: red cedar, alder, black locust, most pines and larches, yellow poplar, aspen, and many others. Many are valuable and are managed as even-aged stands, many are not desirable as a crop tree and removed for a more desired species. The Process of Forest Succession Biological succession and often-called ecological succession  is the process whereby disturbed existing forests regenerate or where fallow untended lands return to a forested condition. Primary succession is the ecological term where organisms are occupying a site for the first time (old fields, roadbeds, agricultural lands). Secondary succession is where organisms that were part of an earlier successional stage before a disturbance return (forest fire, logging, insect damage). The first plants to grow naturally in a burned or cleared area are usually weeds, shrubs or inferior scrubby trees. These plant species are often controlled or totally removed as defined in a prescribed forest management plan to prepare the area for higher quality tree regeneration. The Classification of Trees following the Pioneers It is important to know which trees will first attempt to cover the site. It is also important to know usually the most dominant tree species in the region that will eventually take over in the process of biological succession. Those trees that move on to occupy and become the main tree species are known as the climax forest community. The regions where these communities of tree species are dominant become the climax forest. Here are the major climax forest regions in North America: The Northern Boreal Coniferous Forest. This forest region is associated with the northern zone of North America, mostly in Canada.The Northern Hardwood Forest. This forest region is associated with the hardwood forests of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada.The Central Broadleaf Forest. This forest region is associated with the central broadleaf forests of the Central United States.The Southern Hardwood/Pine Forest. This forest region is associated with the Southern United States along the lower Atlantic through the Gulf coastal areas.The Rock Mountain Coniferous Forest. This forest region is associated with the mountain range from Mexico to Canada.The Pacific Coast Forest. This forest region is with the coniferous forest that hugs the Pacific coast of both the United States and Canada.

Negalance in Childcare Regulation Research Paper - 1

Negalance in Childcare Regulation - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the basic responsibilities of a childcare company include assistance in the construction of a classroom environment which is helpful to learning and suitable to the physical, social, and emotional development of children with an emphasis on language development and emergent literacy skills. Children are most sensitive and most intuitive ingredient of our society so major precautions should be taken in their teaching and training, so the companies should perform duties as planned under the leadership of the Early Childhood Specialists. Likewise, child care companies also assist in the screening and preparation of children to let them fully participate in program services. To ensure the best security, they have to implement the curriculum that is planned by the Early Childhood Specialist which has to be based on scientifically based reading research. Interaction with the children in a way which conveys respect and nurturing is also necessary. It will be the child c are provider’s responsibility to play with children; this will often mean getting down on the floor to interact with them. They will provide activities and opportunities that encourage inquisitiveness, exploration, and problem-solving appropriate to the development levels of the children. This is an essential part of the training and overall development phase. To guarantee the best development of the adored children, they assist in the selection of books, equipment and other instructional materials suitable for the early childhood program. As all know that health is wealth, they emphasize significantly on the personal hygiene of each child in their care. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a unit which has been set up within the Labor Department. This unit was established with a goal to provide safe and healthy working environment to the working class in the nation.

Boeing Porter's Five Forces Industry analysis Assignment

Boeing Porter's Five Forces Industry analysis - Assignment Example This is mainly because they are highly entrenched in their airport hubs, making it difficult for new companies to find space in these air ports (Clougherty and Zhang, 2008). Furthermore, smaller airports do not have enough passing traffic that can make these new airlines companies to post some profits. High fuel prices are one of the most dominant barriers for new airline companies (Mouawad, 4). This is because it accounts for approximately 50% of the costs that these airline companies are able to incur (Peoples, 2012). The high number of mergers is also another reason that prevents new companies from entering the market. These companies manage to control a large segment of the market, making it hard for new entities to penetrate. Companies such as Hawaiian airlines, Allegiant Air, and Spirit Airlines managed to survive this competition by creating their own niche market, hence avoiding direct competition with these major airlines (Fojt, 2006). There is also a high level of research and development budget that is required for new entrants into this market. It is virtually impossible to compete in this industry, when the new company does not have information about its competitors, target market, etc (Williams, 2002). Acquiring this type of information requires a great deal of research, which is very expensive. Furthermore, the airline industry has loyal customers, who will only take the national carrier. Based on these facts, threats of new entrants to Boeing are low. The intensity of competition facing Boeing is very high. This is because the industry comprises of large airline companies offering the same services. The airline industry does not have any market leader, and their strategies are not different (Fojt, 2006). This is the reason why most airline companies are forming mergers for purposes of competing efficiently with their competitors (Grundy, 2012).

Overview Of Tourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay

Overview Of Tourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay This chapter is designed to provide an overview to tourism in Malacca and the background of Jonker Street. It is divided into few sections to explain about culture as a factor for travel among tourists, tourism situation in Malacca, background of Jonker Street, problem statement, research objectives, significance of study, limitations of study, definition of terms, methodology as well as research organization. Overview of tourism in Malaysia Tourism sector in Malaysia is the second largest economic contributor to the countrys Gross Domestic Product after oil and gas production. Authorities has been giving attention to this sector as it helps in generating employment opportunities, increasing economic revenue as well as creating the opportunity for development. Malaysia is a country that boasts with its natural environment such as sandy beaches, tropical islands, national parks and mountains, which one of it is known as Southeast Asias highest mountain Mount Kinabalu that is situated in the state of Sabah. Furthermore, Malaysia is home to a mixture of unique identities, featuring multi-racial and multi-ethnic communities; hence, Malaysia has become a country rich in culture, arts and traditions. Over the years, this industry in Malaysia has its ups and downs in tourist arrivals and receipts (refer to table 1), due to economic downturn and natural disasters. The most significant decline in number of tourists was experienced in year 2003 when an outbreak of disease Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] hit the world environment. However, despite facing the world economic recession in year 2008 and H1N1 flu disease in 2009, tourist arrivals to Malaysia continued to grow by 57.32% which is from 15.7 million tourists in year 2004 to 24.7 million tourists in year 2011. Table 1: Tourist Arrivals to Malaysia from 2002 to 2011 Year Tourist Arrival (million) Tourism Receipts (RM billion) 2002 13.2 25.8 2003 10.5 21.3 2004 15.7 29.7 2005 16.4 32.0 2006 17.4 36.3 2007 20.9 46.1 2008 22.0 49.6 2009 23.6 53.4 2010 24.6 56.5 2011 24.7 58.3 Source: Tourism Malaysia (2012) Cultural Tourism in Malaysia In todays world of travel, the process of learning and experiencing different cultures has been cited as a common and growing factor for travel among tourists (Lynch, Duinker, Sheehan, Chute, 2011). This factor was not a favourite among tourists when a poll was conducted in the 1980s at the country of United States by Lou Harris, however, in the 1990s, citing visiting cultural, historical and archaeological treasures was important to most of the surveys respondents (Lord, 1999). This occurrence indicates that cultural tourism has long been in demand from the tourists perspective. According to Richards (2007), cultural tourism has the potential to be a new form of alternative tourism among local and international tourists. Therefore, cultural tourism is now a widespread tourism phenomenon. Cultural tourists seek authenticity in their travel (MacCannell, 1973), hence, it is important for a destination to preserve its own unique identity. Malaysia is a country rich of natural beauty and cultural diversity. As more tourists are into the notion of traveling for the purpose of learning other cultures, Malaysias promotional board, Tourism Malaysia, has created the slogan Malaysia, Truly Asia as an effort to attract tourists. Besides, Malacca has also created the slogan Visit Historic Melaka Means Visit Malaysia (Hamzah, 2004). Cultural tourism has become a factor that has lured tourist arrivals to Malaysia and had turned out to be a potential form of alternative tourism for both international and domestic tourists (Mohamed, 2005). Two out of thirteen states in Malaysia are popular destination for cultural tourism, which are Malacca and Penang that has gained listings into UNESCO Heritage List on 8th July 2008. Malacca and Penang both share similarities regards to elements of heritage in the state. For example, both cities depend on historical colonial buildings of the city as main physical attraction for promoting tourism (Ismail, Baum, Kokranikkal, n.d.). Besides, these two cities are located along the Straits of Melaka and were important trading port in the past, had illustrated the multi-culturalism it possesses in the city. (explain the stats) 1.3 Overview of tourism in Malacca For this cultural tourism study, the city of Malacca has been chosen as the studys destination due to the fact that is has been the focal point of Malaysias history. On 15th April 1989, Malacca was then declared as a Historical City to promote its image as a historic tourism destination in Malaysia and was seen as an effort to zone land for tourism and urban conservation (Ismail et al., n.d.). Malacca together with Georgetown Penang has gained listings into UNESCOs (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage List in its Culture Category as Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca in year 2008 due to its historical and cultural factors. Among the criteria that has made Malacca into the list are representing the multicultural trading town in East and Southeast Asia; tangible and intangible multi-cultural living heritage whereby different Asian religions, ethnic, language, dance, costumes, art, food and music coexisted; reflects a unique blend of Asian and European colonial influences on its architecture, townscape and culture, especially, its shop houses and townhouses with some originating in the Dutch and Portuguese periods (UNESCO, n.d.). However, in order to keep the title of being a World Heritage Site, Malacca has to conserve, preserve, and sustain the true unique, beautiful historical and cultural parts of Malacca. Malacca has divided its tourism sector to 12 different subsectors and each subsector has its own unique selling point. Two of the main subsectors in Malaccas tourism context, is heritage tourism and cultural tourism. This is due to the fact that Malacca is a state rich with multicultural society and surviving artefacts that dates back into the 15th century. For instance, Malacca has a mix community of Baba and Nyonya, Kristang (Portuguese-Eurasian or Portuguese-Malaccan), Chitty, Chinese, Malay and Indian; each with its unique cultural identity. Hence, it can be summarized that tourism activities that is based on heritage and culture is significant in Malacca because besides historical aspects, Malacca also has the uniqueness of tangible and intangible cultural heritage which is not available in any other states in Malaysia, for example the Dutch Square and AFamosa. Figure : Tourist Arrivals in Malacca Source: (Melaka-Tourism-Promotion-Division, 2012) Figure 1 shows numbers of tourist arrivals to Malacca for the past 5 years. Before the declaration of Malacca as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, tourist arrivals recorded by the Melaka Tourism Promotion Division (refer to figure 1) was as much as 6,023,311 people in year 2007. However, despite facing world economic recession in year 2008 and 2009, Malacca after the UNESCO declaration, tourist arrivals has shot up by 19.62% to the number of 7,205,492 tourists in year 2008 and an increase of 23.59% by year 2009 with a total of 8,905,273 tourists. The increase in numbers of tourist arrivals has shown that Malacca has the attractions that could catch the attention of tourists who are mostly domestic tourists. After the world economic crisis, tourism was projected to rebound strongly in year 2010 and 2011 in international tourist arrivals and receipts (Kapiki, 2011). Conversely, in year 2010 and 2011, although there is an increase in the number of tourist arrivals, it is noticed that the number had increase by a smaller percentage. For instance, tourist arrivals in year 2010 has an increase by 16.28% compared to arrivals in year 2009; and 17.49% in year 2011 compared to arrivals in year 2010. In other words, although number of tourist arrivals recorded in year 2011 was 12,165,866 tourists, which is the highest record than previous years, however, the arrivals of tourists had reduced while the world economy has slowly improved. This has prompted the question of whether Malaccas attraction is able to provide the authentic experience which is seek by cultural tourists. 1.3 Background of Jonker Street History of Jonker Street, according to a documented research done by Lim and Jorge (2006), dating in the 15th centuries, Jonker Street was one of the densely- populated area of merchants and artisans during the reign of Malacca Sultanate. It continued to be so during the period of Portuguese and Dutch. Following the defeat of Portuguese power to the Dutch, Jalan Hang Jebat was named as Jonker Straat (Noblemans Street) by the Dutch. With the strategic location of Jonker Street situating near the sea, it has helped in prospering the area and became home to most well-to-do people. To ensure a better landscape is seen in Jonker Street, the Dutch government in the mid 1600s, had implemented rules and strict regulations to the houses design, size of brick, position of windows, walls and drain, so that all houses are conformed to the same building standards. In the 1800s, more Chinese merchant bought up houses at Jonker Street, thus, adding Chinese architecture and designs to the faà §ade of buildings. There is a mix community of Chinese, Dutch, Muslim and Portuguese-Eurasian noted staying at Jonker Street until the 19th century, bringing in a diverse of culture and architecture. At the present time, Jonker Street is a five hundred meter long street with a stretch of buildings by both sides of the road. The facade of these buildings features a mixture of Dutch and Chinese architecture. Many of these houses are as old as 300 years. Although the width of houses along Jonker Street seems narrow, however, the length of these historical buildings is at least 50 meters long (Ong Ong, 2004) and creates a space in the middle of the house as courtyards for better air ventilation. Furthermore, the width of Jonker Street is narrow; hence, this historical settlement was designed without a sidewalk for pedestrians. Jonker Street also known as Jalan Hang Jebat, was selected to form a part of the World Heritage Site listings for its residential and commercial values. It is basically, a street that is full of small businesses, cafes, art gallery, handicraft shops, antique shops and clothes shop, which has made it into a shopping zone in the area. However, it could be noticed that some of the shops conducts two or three types of businesses in one shop lot to increase revenue. For example, the owner of an ancestral hall had rented out half of the lower ground of the building to an enterprise to sell local food product and traditional Chinese wedding accessories such as bed linens, wedding attire and red packets and so on; In addition, a shop selling souvenirs and antiques, is also selling desserts. These shops are mostly operated by Malaccan residents whereby some of the shops are being passed down from generation to generation such as an antique shop known as Abdul Company. Besides, Jonker Street is also a place with a variety of artisans and craftsmen such as goldsmiths, watch repairers, clog makers, beaded shoemakers and local chefs. Furthermore, religious activities are conducted at places such as temples, clan buildings and ancestral halls, located along this road. The presence of temples and clan buildings had not only served its purpose in representing the needs of its clan members, but it had also strengthened the cultural elements of Jonker Street. By looking at its past, it is evident that Jonker Street is rich with different architectural styles, and traditional shops that had made it outstanding. However, measures to promote this priceless treasure have not served its purpose. Malacca tourism officers had noted Jonker Streets heritage and cultural value, thus, to further promote it as a tourism spot, more cafes, shops and accommodations emerged; and in June 2000, the local authorities had added a weekly activity at Jonker Street which is Jonker Walk, where it became a street that is popular for its weekend flee market that opens every Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Jonker Walk is a popular attraction for tourists as there is an array of products to be sold, ranging from, snacks, souvenirs, apparel and accessories. According to a study on tourist movement patterns in Malacca done by Rahman, Ismail, and Wai (2011) in observing 8 tourist zones, which is Dataran Sungai Melaka, St. Pauls Hill, Kota Street, Laksamana Street, Temenggung Street, Kampung Pantai, Tokong Street and Jonker Street, it is proven that the tourist attraction with the highest number of tourists, occurs at Jonker Street. Streets in Melaka World Heritage Site such as Tokong Street, Temenggung Street and Kampung Pantai share similar character as Jonker Street; for instance, these streets have traditional traders such as goldsmiths, tin smiths, shop houses and business traders. However, one factor that makes Jonker Street outstanding is the design of its buildings. According to Rahman et al. (2011), Jonker Street was the most visited tourist destination in Malacca as it provides shopping, hotel and catering facilities to the tourists all in one street. Hence, Jonker Street is chosen as the studys destination. Furthermore, Jonker S treet together with Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock, has formed the oldest heritage zone in Malacca, and were introduced by Malacca as its living museum (Ong Ong, 2004). Problem Statement Malacca is a state rich in history and culture, which some of it, could not be found in other states of Malaysia. Therefore, plenty of efforts have been made to develop tourism products in Malacca and actively promoting it both within and outside of the country. Jonker Street is one of the examples where by the authority had recognised it as a tourist attraction due to its advantage as the oldest heritage zone in Malacca. 1.4.1Influence of Chinese architecture and presence of Chinese clans When the British took over in the 1825, most of the properties at Jonker Street were acquired by Chinese merchants and changed the architecture of houses at the street with Chinese facades as more wealthy and influential Chinese merchants began to arrive. Soon in the 1900s Jonker Street depict strong Chinese influence with the presence of nine Chinese clan associations and temple for worship. Traditional skills such as goldsmith, carpentry, bricklaying, boatbuilding and baking were also brought in by the Chinese community. 1.4.2 The beginning of commercial area Shortly, in 1927 Eurasian community begin to appear at Jonker Street. This was when Jonker Street begins to build its reputation as a commercial area with shops selling liquor, repair shops, furniture shops, car showroom and etc. By the end of World War Two and the Japanese Occupation, many residents had moved out of the place, making room for local businesses to start serving the basic needs of Malaccans. 1.4.3 Increase of employment opportunities Tourism sector is now considered as one of the three main source of fiscal strength in Malaysia besides sources from petroleum and industry (Hoffman, 1979). This sector has provided local people with a lot of employment opportunities; it is also seen as a main indicator that contributes to the economic growth of a place. Malacca is a state rich with cultural diversity, this in hand, has given Malacca the opportunity to develop its cultural tourism sector. Conceptually, Jonker Street represents the characteristics of rich historical and multi-cultural background of Malacca. Being in a unique cultural setting has also provided opportunity to the multi-cultural society to transform their culture into a saleable object. For instance, tangible culture of Chinese and Baba Nyonya heritage could be sold to tourist through food such as chicken rice balls, nyonya laksa and traditional nyonya cakes; clothes such as nyonya kebaya, wooden clogs and beaded shoes. This popularity has attracted a variety of new art gallery, curio shop and restaurant operators to begin business in the area. Besides plentiful of shopping choices, the arts and culture of Jonker Street was also reflected through orchestral music performances, dance lessons, food and souvenirs. Jonker Street is now deemed as a cultural attraction by the Melaka Tourism Promotion Division. Jonker Street is being promoted as a shopping district, emphasizing on things to buy such as antiques and souvenirs rather than its unique architecture buildings and culture. Undeniably, generating sales is a must in a tourism destination in order to obtain economic benefits from the tourists, yet, are the products sold reflect the culture of Jonker Street? Are the tourists able to remember where they get that piece of product from? Jonker Street has been chosen as the case study based on previous research citing that there is vagueness to the meaning of Jonker Street as a cultural attraction despite possessing criteria that proved it is. According to Ong and Ong (2004), whose study is based on Jonker Walk- the weekend night activity in Jonker Street, has garnered evidence that the project has received negative criticism from the public, citing that it is a negative development on Jonker Street and it is a poor idea in conserving Malacca. One of the criticism mentioned in Ong and Ong (2004), was from Elizabeth Vines (Unesco Asia-Pacific representative) noting that the development of Jonker Walk as a tourist attraction has changed its original character into a commercialised tourist attraction; Vines also mention that in order to bring success to tourism development and promotion of the state, the State Government and entrepreneurs has to consider Malaccas character, soul and authenticity. Furthermore, Lim and Jorge (2006), has also point out that the development of Jonker Street as a night market on weekends, has become the means of destruction of the streets heritage by evicting traditional craft masters and demolition of heritage buildings. For example, premises of goldsmiths from the 1800s to year 2000 were renovated, taking away antique painted glass panels and wall mirrors to accommodate a fast food outlet, a craftsman of traditional Chinese bound foot shoe maker as well as incense and joss stick maker were evicted from their premises and demolished the buildings to make way for new multi-storey hotel which had failed to happen. More to the point, this issue was also brought up by Lindt (2012), Jonker Street is an example of culture street in Malacca that had been transformed into a tourist destination which is less authentic, citing that liquors, batik linens and cheeky T-shirts are among the products sold to tourists at the centuries old heritage street. From the discussion above, the most significant problem being discovered is since the local authorities implemented a new project named Jonker Walk to add to the attractions of Jonker Street, this has raised the question of whether this development affects the cultural values inherent to it? How much of culture value in Jonker Street still remains after the transformation? What cultural experience does Jonker Street offer? Hence, this research is to study what are the products that are provided at Jonker Street in relation to culture tourism elements; and the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street from the perspective of stakeholders. 1.5 Research Objective The main objective in this study is to examine whether tourists perceived Jonker Street as an authentic cultural attraction. From this main objective, three sub-objectives are formed, as listed below: To study the existing product provided at Jonker Street in relation to culture tourism elements To study the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street from the perspective of stakeholders (government, Jonker Walk Committee, entrepreneur and tourist) 1.6 Research Question As an investigative research study, the research questions developed are based on the objectives of the research. The research questions are as below: What product is provided at Jonker Street in terms of cultural attraction? What are the demographics of tourists in Jonker Street? What is the interest to visit Jonker Street? What is the perception of stakeholders towards authenticity in Jonker Street? Table 1: Summary of Objective and Research Question Research Objectives Research Questions To study the existing product provided at Jonker Street in relation to culture tourism elements What product is provided at Jonker Street in terms of cultural attraction? What are the demographics of tourists in Jonker Street? What is their interest to visit Jonker Street? To study the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street from the perspective of stakeholders What is the perception of stakeholders towards authenticity in Jonker Street? Significance of study Jonker Street is among the famous tourist attraction in Malacca. The authorities have to ensure that Jonker Street has its unique selling point that would be able to attract tourists revisiting the place again. Tourist influx to the street has generated income for some of the residents at the area by selling souvenirs, clothes, food and so on. However, it is noted through observation that products sold at Jonker Street, especially souvenirs are mostly imported goods from other countries and does not symbolize or reflect cultures of Jonker Street. Hence, this research is to study the authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street. Authenticity is related with cultural tourism as authenticity in tourism context means the desired experience a tourist gets associated with visits to tourism destinations; the result of encountering a culture different than of the tourist (Smith, 1989) which is similar to the objective of cultural tourism that is for the tourist to learn and experience the culture of other nations. This study will be significant to the tourism promotion boards of Malacca as it tries to understand the attractions at Jonker Street, characteristics of tourists and stakeholders perceptions. Perceptions of stakeholders determine whether Jonker Street is able to provide the authentic experience that tourists seek in a cultural tourism destination. This in turn helps tourism planners of Malacca to further enhance cultural tourism in its state, whilst maintaining the culture of Malacca people. 1.8 Scope and limitation of study This study is limited to stakeholders related to Jonker Street, Malacca only. It is focused on stakeholders perception of authenticity of cultural product at Jonker Street, Malacca. The dependent variable of this study is perception of stakeholders while the independent variables are products provided at Jonker Street and characteristic and profile of tourist. This study will use authenticity as a measure to view stakeholders perception on Jonker Street. This will show whether Jonker Street is perceived as a cultural attraction or vice versa. The unavailability of secondary data of tourist arrivals at Jonker Street and time restrain has also caused limitations to this study. Definition of terms The following definitions of terms are used for this study: Authenticity Authenticity comes from the word authentic. In general, authentic means genuine, realness and purity. Authenticity in the leisure context means the real or genuine experience a tourist gets during their travel to places with cultures different than their own (Hillman, n.d.). Objective authenticity is an experience whereby tourists are able to understand the culture of other society at a tourist destination (Hillman, n.d.). Cultural tourism Culture includes a broad spectrum of beliefs, a set of practices that acts as a general guiding principle. According to Bonink and Richards (1992), cultural tourism is defined as travelling to specific cultural destinations such as heritage sites, artistic and cultural attractions, arts and drama at places outside of their usual environment (as cited in (Ding, 2009)) Cultural Products Cultural products reflect a cultures characteristic. As said by Ivanovic (2008), the cultural attraction itself is known as the cultural tourism product. The author has noted that when intrinsic cultural value is found at a cultural attraction, it gives the place potential to be developed as a cultural tourism product. Furthermore, the development of accommodation, infrastructure, services and facilities at that cultural attraction, will be an added value to the product. Hence, the intrinsic value of culture along with added value has formed the destinations cultural resources into cultural tourism products. For example, when a tourist visits a destination, they are actually using the total cultural product, which are, accommodation, food, weather, transportation, hospitality and attitude of hosts (Ivanovic, 2008). Cultural products could be categorized into two groups which are tangible and intangible. Tangible products are things that are presented in a material form while intangib le products are that societies believe it exists but could not be seen. Examples of tangible products are toys, musical instruments, dresses, types of residence, food, sports equipment, literature and artwork; while intangible products are such as dance, music, language and literary styles (Lawrence, 1999). Methodology Research Objective Literature Review Culture The concept of Cultural tourism The concept of Authenticity Pilot study Data Collection Structured Interview Data Analysis Data gathering key in Data Selection Formulation Content Analysis Summary of findings Final Report Background Study Malacca, voice from the street (Lim Fernando, 2006) The making of Jonker Walk (Ong Ong, 2004) Research Problem Scope of Research Jonker Street, Malacca Product mix Characteristic and profile of tourist Preparation of Interview The research approach for this study will be based on observation, literature review and interview. Selection of respondents will be chosen through purposive sampling. The survey will be conducted at Jonker Street, Malacca on weekends to collect data from domestic and international tourists and entrepreneurs as well as to conduct structured interview on weekdays with other stakeholders such as government and Jonker Walk Committee. Data collected through this survey will be analysed through content analysis. The purpose of the data analysis is to discover the interest for tourist to visit Jonker Street, the products provided at Jonker Street regarding to culture tourism and to understand the perception of stakeholders towards authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street. 1.11 Research Organisation Chapter 1 Chapter 1 is an introduction to the background of research, research problem, research objective, research question, scope and limitations of study, definition of terms, research procedure and research organization Chapter 2 Chapter 2 will discuss about theoretical framework to explain regarding culture tourism, culture products, authenticity, and relations of cultural products to authenticity. This will explain about the effects of authenticity of cultural products to tourists. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 highlights the methodology of research which will be used in this study. The perspective of stakeholders towards authenticity of cultural products at Jonker Street will be collected through structured interview. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 explains on the authenticity of cultural products from the perspective from stakeholders of Jonker Street, Malacca. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 gives conclusion on the study by analyzing findings on the perspectives of stakeholders chosen and make suggestions to the relevant authorities of Malacca. Chapter 6 Chapter 6 states the limitations of study, conclusion and presents information on possible extensions on future research.

Nvq Level 3 H&S

CU1530 Promote Communication in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings 1UNDERSTANDING WHY EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IS IMPORTANT IN THE WORK SETTING. 1. 1IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT REASONS PEOPLE COMMUNICATE. People communicate in order to establish and maintain relationships with others, to give and receive information and instructions, to understand and be understood, to share opinions, knowledge, feelings, and emotions, to give encouragement and show others they are valued. 1. EXPLAIN HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WORK SETTING. Effective communication helps us not only relate better to each other, it also helps us do more with minimal effort. Breakdown in communication in the work setting can lead to a number of things including a sense of anxiety, alienation as well as feelings of isolation. Positive communication skills like listening, open-ended questions and calm tone of voice help unite people because they are behavior’s that lead to sustained relationships.Workplace relationships also become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. A frequently overlooked quality is the ability to actively listen which will help you obtain more information to enforce better decisions. The power of effective communication is essential and the ability to have the chance to develop, expand and develop personal relationships will stand you in good stead and for the company. 2BE ABLE TO MEET THE COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE NEEDS, WISHES AND PREFERENCES OF INDIVIDUALS. . 2DESCRIBE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PROMOTING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. When communicating with others the content of the message needs to be clear, but it also needs to be said in a clear way. When receiving messages it is necessary to be alert to both verbal (spoken) and non-verbal (body language) messages. To communicate effectively keep in mind factors such as – environ ment: Are noise and activity levels too high? Do you need privacy? Would it be easier to have this conversation while carrying out an activity ogether? Walking or working side by side can ease the flow of conversation. Proximity: The better you know a person the closer you are likely to be physically. Closeness can encourage sharing. Positioning chairs at an angle rather than side by side makes it physically easier to talk to another person. Sitting directly opposite is more formal and can feel confrontational. Sometimes a table between you helps a person feel protected. Yelling from one room to another doesn’t aid communication!Orientation: Leaning forward can communicate that you are interested, but too close might invade ‘body space’. Turning away can show lack of interest, but standing directly opposite a person can be too direct, where being at an angle can provide a helpful space. Posture: Folded arms can look defensive and discourage communication. Friends and family without realizing, often mirror the other person’s posture during conversation, which is thought to increase a sense of familiarity. Standing over a person who is seated might feel patronizing or threatening.Touch: A light touch on a person’s arm or hand can communicate caring and understanding, but sometimes touch can feel intrusive, even threatening. Touch is a safeguarding issue and you must never impose yourself physically on a vulnerable adult. 3 BE ABLE TO OVERCOME BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION. 3. 1EXPLAIN HOW PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS MAY USE AND/OR INTERPRET COMMUNICATION METHODS IN DIFFERENT WAYS. Each individual communicates slightly differently according to their different background and experience and the service users we work with may have a diverse range of communication needs and preferences.Although individuals share personality traits in common with others, the unique make-up of these and the way they operate together is individual to that person. One individual might be quiet and reserved, another enthusiastic and bubbly and this will affect the way each communicates and responds to communication. There are also factors such as literacy skills, Literacy skills refer to a person’s competence in reading, writing and speaking in a particular language.The service users you work with may be at different levels of competence in literacy and need to be communicated with at a level they can cope with. Some adults struggle with literacy and may feel embarrassed by their difficulties. As well as literacy skills, some individuals will have better access to and be more competent using information and computer technology (ICT) than others. You should not assume that everyone you have dealings with at work has access to the internet and email, or mobile phones, or that they are competent in using such technology. . 2IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION. Communication is not always straightforward and a number o f barriers can be encountered when working in health and social care settings. Communication is a complex process and can be interrupted at any stage by a number of different barriers for instance – when someone cannot receive or pass on information because they have an impairment to one or more of their senses, most commonly a visual or a hearing disability or communication is affected by the environment that people find themselves in.For example, someone who does not see very well will struggle to read written information in a dimly lit room. There are also barriers faced due to cultural differences when the same thing means different things in two cultures, communication can be difficult or when a person uses language that not everyone uses, such as saying they have a problem with their waterworks. This can mean their plumbing system but also means a problem going to the toilet.Sometimes it may be appropriate to use slang with your peers but in normal working with colleagu es or service users you should avoid using any language that can be misunderstood or misinterpreted or that might cause offence. 3. 5 EXPLAIN HOW TO ACCESS EXTRA SUPPORT OR SERVICES TO ENABLE INDIVIDUALS TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY. Some people have communication difficulties that require extra support or services to enable them to communicate effectively.

Economics

The Doctrine Of The Lord s Supper - 1597 Words

Introduction The sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, or the Eucharist, is one of three sacraments that are recognized in the Evangelical church. Through the sacraments Christians are brought closer to God through the work of the Holy Spirit. There have been several views of the Lord’s Supper throughout church history including: transubstantiation, consubstantiation, the symbolic nature of the Eucharist, and the most commonly accepted view of the Lord’s Supper today. Even today, the Lord’s Supper, or communion, as it is often called, is one of the most debated of the sacraments. This essay will explore the biblical basis for the doctrine of the Lord’s Supper and the four main historical views on the doctrine: the Roman Catholic view of transubstantiation, Luther’s consubstantiation, followed by Zwingli, Luther’s main opponent, and his view of the lack of spiritual presence in the Eucharist, and finally Calvin’s view, which is supported and practi ced by most Evangelical Christians today. Scriptural Basis It is important to consider what scripture has to say about an issue before examining any other arguments or views. Jesus tells his disciples in the accounts of Matthew and Mark that his blood â€Å"is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins† (Matt 26:28 NIV) and in Luke he commands them to partake of the elements in remembrance of him and tells them that his blood is a new covenant (Lk 22:19-20 NIV). Finally, Jesus says in John that whoever eats his body and drinks of hisShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Lord s Supper1787 Words   |  8 PagesTHE DOCTRINE OF THE LORD’S SUPPER SUBMITTED TO BERNIE VAN DE WALLE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REL 261 THEOLOGY II: SPIRIT AND CHURCH BY MO HICKMAN APRIL 7TH, 201 Introduction The Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper is a central part of church life and ecclesiology. During the Lord’s Supper, the Church shares in the bread and the cup in remembrance of Christ and â€Å"proclaim[s] the Lord’s death until He comes.† Theologians have disagreed on what happens to the bread and wine and the role of the Supper. InRead MoreTransubstantiation1141 Words   |  5 Pageseating, he took bread, and after blessing it broke it and gave it to them, and said, â€Å"Take; this is my body.†Ã¢â‚¬  This verse from Mark, Chapter 14, verse 22, among others, has triggered off many theological debates on what was happening at the Last Supper. Was this truly the Lord’s body that they were consuming? Did it change in substance, or merely in theory as a symbol of what Jesus was saying? Over the centuries, this topic has been debated by many of the great theologians of the times. 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